Improvement in harrows



Harrow.

S 7376/22 Pzf Zed Jn Z5, /866 EMNUEL FORNEY, OF FISHERSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 73,792, dated Jam/.ary 28, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN HARROWS.

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TO WHOM IT MY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, EMANUEL FGRNEY, of Fishersville, in the county of Dauphin, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Harrows; and I hereby declare the following to be a full,A clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in vhich Figure l is a vertical section through the harrow, on the line x a', fig. 3.

Figure 2 is a like section on-the line y 3,/ ofthe same figure; and Figure 3 is a top orplan view` of a hai-row constructed in accordance with my'invention.

This invention relates to that class of harrows in which the teeth are set in a frame so-mounted or attached to the main frame of the machine as to be capable ot' a rotary movement..

The frame which carries the teeth is usually pivotcd to the under side of the body of the machine, and is slightly tilted, or set at an angle thereto, so that the teeth on one side will penetrate the earth to a greater depth than those on the other; and by this means, z'. e., the resistance resulting from the unequal penetration of the teeth, when the harrow is in motion, the pivoted fra-ine or frames will, as isv well known, beca'us'ed to revolve.

The object of my invention is to so construct and arrange the rotary frames as to prevent, as far :is-possible, all danger of their becoming clogged and preventedfrom revolving, a defect to which ordinary harrows of this class are extremely liable; and my object7 furthermore, is to produce a harrowcomposed of two or more pairs o f these revolving frames, which will eiectually, and at one operation, break or act upon all the ground passed over bythe machine. This is a result which, to my knowledge, has not been accomplished heretofore; for, in ordinary revolving harrows, the teeth are set in circular or other ordinary frames, which, from the nature of their construction, are necessarily so arranged that, between any one pair ofthe frames, there must be left a small strip of earth which will not be touched by the teeth; and, for this reason, such harrows have usually a third circular frame, placed in advance or in rear-of, and' oppositeto the interval between the other two, so as to cover the ground which cannot be acted on by them.

Under my invention, each revolving frameis composed of a series of arms, radiating from a common centre or axis, in which arms the harrow-t-eeth are set or secured in any suitable manner. Two or more of such frames are pivoted to the body of `the harrow, being set at an angle thereto, so as to secure their revolution when the harrow is in motion, and are so arranged that the arms ofthe one will mesh with or overlap the arms of the other. By this arrangement of the frames, the teeth are caused to break all the ground covered by the harrow; and, moreoveigas the arms of the frames may be considered cogs which mesh with one another, it will be seen that in event of theclogging and consequent retarded rotary movement of one frame, the arms of the one adjoining will engage or strike against those ofthe clogged frame, and will thus force the latter to continue its revolution, und enable it to free itself from any encumbrancet In order that these and other features of my invention may be fully understood, I will now proceed to describe-the manner in which the same is or may be carried into/eilect, by reference to the accompanying drawings. y

The harrowframe, as represented in iig. 3, consists of 'the pieces A,`orming the four sides of a square or parallelogram, andthe diagonal cross-pieces or braces I3, which not only serve to steady and strengthen the frame A, but also to support or hold in position the smaller rota-ry frames which carry the harrow-teeth. These frames, designated in the drawings as Cl, C2, C3, and C", are pivoted to the under side of the cross-pieces B, as indicated in figs. 1 and 2, by means of bolts and nuts, a 6, or in any other suitable manner. Each frame cou sists of twobars, one placed at about right angles across the other, so as to form four armsradiating from the conimoncentre or axis a. In these arms the barrow-teeth, @are set and secured by suitable means ;-and it will, of course, be understood that thc number of the radial armslmay be more or less than I have represented in the drawings.

Each frame C, as shown in the drawings, is set at an angle to the main frame A, so that the teeth upon one side of each frame may penetrate the earth to a grcatelvdepth than those upon theother. In hg. 1, for instance, which represents a section through one pair of revolving frames, the set of the frames is such as to depress that portion of cach which is nearest the centre line of the harrow, the opposite part of the frame being correspondingly elevated. lhe teeth toward the middle ot the harrow therefore enter the earth to a greater distance than those towardthe exterior, and when the harrow is being dragged,vthe unequal resistance thus oilcred by the l teeth will cause the frames to revolve in the direction indicated by the arrows 1 1.

Centlning attention to the pair -of revolving frames represented in tig. 1, and on the line x x, iig.3, it will be seen that the arms ofthe frame C3 gear with or overlap those of the frame C1, so that all the ground between the two is subjected to the action of the barrow-teeth. And,'moreover, .if at any time one of the frames-`or instance (i4-should become clogged, and cease to revolve, the arms of the other, intheir revolution, would engage with or strike against the arms of the oppositeframe, and soforce the latter to continue its revolution.

Two or more ot' these revolving frames may be arranged as described, to `operate in connection with each other. I prefer, however, the arrangement of' the two pairs shown in iig. 3. Thefront pair, as seen in iig. 2, is tilted or set at such an angle with respect to the frame A, that the arni's of each frame are at the greatest distance from the ground when they approach the centre line of the harrow. The rear pair, on the contrary, is tilted, in an opposite direction, as represented in fio. 1. These revolving frames are so mounted in the machine, that the arms of any one frame will engage or mesh with the arms of the two adjoinina. The'irame Cl thus meshes with O2 and03, C* with C3 and C2, and so on. v v

On Aaccount of the different set or tilting of th'e frames, the front pair, Cl C2, will revolve in the direction indicated by the arrows 2 2, while the pair in rear will revolve in an opposite direction, as indicated by the arrows 1 1. The frames may thus be considered to Ybe a system of cog-wheels gearing with each other, and, consequently, if the rotation of any one of theframes should for any reason ybecome clogged or impeded, such frame willnevertheless be forced to continue its revolution, by the combined action oi' the remaining frames.

t will be seen that every portion of' the ground covered bythe harrow will be acted on by the teeth; and the tilting ofthe frames represented in the drawings has this further advantage, that the earth will not be thrown up unevenly, but will, by the action of the teeth of the respective frames, be left comparatively level. Three or more pairs of these frames may be employed, it desired, being arranged with facility to operate in connection with each other in the mannery above specified. i

The harrow is provided upon its top with a bar or stout iron lrod K, in each end of which is formed an eye or perforation. One end of the bar is attached to the harrow, at about the centre of the saine, by means of a bolt and nut Z; the other passes through an eye-bolt which passesl through the frame ot' the barrow, and is held iii-place by means of a nut screwed upon its lower end. To the ring or eye formed in the forward end ci" the bar K, is attached the chain or other means by which the harrew is dragged. By unsercwing the nut Z, and also the nut upon the lower end of the eye-bolt m, the latter may be 7drawn out from the Frame A, and the position of the bar K can be turned so as to reverse its position, the eye-bolt. m (itting in a hole or perforation, n, formed in the opposite side of the frame; and thus, when the barrow-teeth become worn n front, instead ol being comn pelled to resharpen the teeth, as is usually the ease, the drag-bar K may be reversed, so as to bring the wear' upon the opposite side of theteeth, the pair of frames C3 C* becoming in such ease the front pair.

Having now described my invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into effect, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, i's- 1. The combination, with the main frame ofthe barrow, ol' two orv more s ets or pairs et revolving frames or arms for carrying the teeth, tilted or set at angles to themain frame, in the manner deseribed,'and arranged to gear or mesh with each other, substantially as herein shown, and for the purposes setfforth.

2. The combination, with the harrow-frame, of the reversible drag-bar and eye-bolt, or equivalent means for holding the said bar in position, under the arrangement and foroperation as herein shown and specified.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

EMANUEL FORNEY.

. Witnesses: i

M. BAILEY, t JOHN T. HOFFMAN. 

